Psychology chap 14

There are many different types of mental disorders that people suffer from. Disorders are classified on a system called the DSM, diagnostic and statistical manual for mental health. The five levels of the current model, DSM IV, clinical disorders, mental retardation, general medical conditions, psychosocial and environmental problems, and global assessment. The tests done to help evaluate mentally have validity scales to help insure disorders are not faked. There are different reasons a person may develop a mental disorder it could be a natural disposition or a traumatic experience. The diathesis stress model shows how a person may be more susceptible to a disorder based on previous experience. They can be caused biologically by a family history of illness or drugs by the mother during pregnancy. It can be caused culturally by expectations or lifestyle. It can also be caused by psychological trauma such as experiencing war first hand. Anxiety can be described as uneasiness or stress do to worrying about dangers even when they are not actually present. This can cause sweating, dry mouth, and extreme nervousness. Some examples of these phobias would be panophobia, the fear of everything, ochophobia, the fear of being in a moving automobile, and social phobia. Social would have such symptoms as being shy and being scared to speak in front of people. According to a 2008 study 7% are experiencing social phobia at any given time. Major depression can be described as long term depression which can be associated with eating habits, sadness, and loss of focus. Bipolar disorder is extreme changes in mood such as major depression followed immediately by extreme happiness. Biological evidence for Bipolar disorder is monoamines, neurotransmitters responsible for arousal, emotion, and motivation. Cognitive evidence of major depression is the cognative triad which shows depressed people often have a negative view of themselves. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia would be such things as delusions and hallucinations, that are in excesses in behavior. Negative symptoms would be such things as deficits in functioning like slow speech and movement or lack of emotion. Autism is a developmental disorder involving deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, and restricted interests. People with autism have difficulty predicting other peoples behaviors. It is becoming increasingly more common from 1991 to 1997 it rose 556% in diagnosed children. The DSM IV is a way of classifying mental disorders that are similar to each other. There are 5 different classifications clinical disorders, mental retardation and persanality disorder, general medical conditions, psychosocial and enviornmental problems, and global assessment of functioning. The MMPI is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. It has ten clinical scales that generate a profile indicating whether the client may have a particular mental disorder. Concordance rates are the odds that two similar studies will yield the same result. In twin studies those using identical twins yielded higher concordance rates. Antisocial personality disorder can be described as a lack of empathy and remorse. This is common among criminals. People with anorexia nervosa have an intense fear of becoming overweight. This causes eating disorders when they starve themselves to avoid being what they think is fat. Its far more likely in women then in men.